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Objective To investigate the awareness, implementation, and application of the Radiation Shielding Specification for Radiotherapy Room, Part 3: Radiotherapy Room of γ-Ray Sources (GBZ/T201.3—2014) by medical institution personnel, to collect problems and recommendations, and to provide a scientific basis for further amendments and implementation of the standard. Methods A questionnaire survey about the awareness, training and application situation and the modification advices of the standard was conducted among practitioners engaged in the production, use, and machine room design related to γ-ray source radiotherapy equipment (collectively referred to as medical institution personnel) in 12 provinces and direct-administered municipalities in China. The questionnaires were collected and a special Excel database was set up for statistical analysis using SPSS 22.0. Results A total of 126 practitioners responded and completed the questionnaire. Approximately 75.4% of respondents indicated that they either “understood” or “understood well” the standard; 42.86% received relevant training; 45.24% and 54.76% indicated that the standard “met” or “basically met” the requirements of detection of γ-ray radiotherapy equipment shielding or design of shielding room. The standard was highly evaluated for suitability. However, the awareness of the standard was inadequate, the rate of training participation was low, and its practical application was limited. Conclusion The standard generally aligns with the requirements for shielding room design in γ-ray radiotherapy. Some revisions should be done according to the current situation of γ-ray radiotherapy.
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【Objective】 To investigate the inactivation function of 25Gy X-ray irradiation on apheresis platelets’ lymphocytes and its effect on the quantity of apheresis platelets(AP). 【Methods】 Twenty healthy voluntary AP donors from January to May 2021 in our center were selected, and 2 bags of AP were donated by each of them. The APs were divided into two groups to undergo X-ray and γ-ray irradiation for 10 min. Lymphocytes were separated from AP samples, before and after irradiation, by lymphocyte separation solution to analyze and compare the effect of X-ray and γ-ray on lymphocyte proliferation. The CD41b, CD62p, blood routine and pH of APs before and 1-day/3-day after irradiation were detected. SPSS statistical software was used to analyze and compare the differences between groups by independent sample t-test. 【Results】 After 25Gy X-ray and γ-ray irradiation, the inhibition rates of lymphocytes were (98.034±1.778)% and (97.882±1.915)%, respectively.Compared with the γ irradiation group, the difference of Plt, PDW, MPV, P-LCR, PCT, pH, CD41b and CD62p between 1-day and 3-day group after 25Gy X-ray irradiation showed not statistically significance (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 25Gy X-ray irradiation can effectively inactivate lymphocytes in APs, and the radiation effect was equivalent with γ-ray; at the same time, there was no significant influence on the quantity of APs.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of resveratrol combined with γ-ray irradiation on the biological behavior of cervical cancer cells, and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods:The proliferation of cell populations after different concentrations of resveratrol solution±γ-ray irradiation was detected by CCK-8 assay. Scratch test and Transwell chamber test were used to detect cell migration and invasion. Flow cytometry and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining were employed to assess cell apoptosis. Western blot was performed to measure the expression levels of PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, mTOR and p-mTOR proteins.Results:Compared with the normal control (NC) group, the resveratrol group±γ-ray irradiation could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion and promote cell apoptosis of human cervical cancer Hela cells, and the combined effect was more obvious. Compared with the NC group, resveratrol and γ-ray irradiation could significantly down-regulate the expression levels of Bcl-2, PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR proteins, up-regulate the expression level of Bax protein, but did not significantly alter the expression levels of Akt and mTOR proteins in human cervic1 255al cancer Hela cells.Conclusions:Resveratrol combined with γ-ray irradiation can dramatically inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion, and promote the apoptosis of cervical cancer Hela cells. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and down-regulating the expression levels of downstream related proteins.
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OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of 60Co-γ radiation on the botanical traits and property of Andrographis paniculata， and to screen suitable irradiation dose. METHODS： The seeds of A. paniculata were irradiated by 60Co-γ rays with different irradiation doses（0，10，20，50，100，200，300 Gy）. The botanical traits indexes of A. paniculata as seed germination rate， root length， seedling rate， seedling height， leaf area， fresh weight， dry weight， stomata number of lower epidermis of leaf， and its property indexes as the contents of andrographolide， dehydrated andrographolide and chlorophyll， activity of T-SOD enzyme and CuZn-SOD enzyme， were determined after radiation. The coefficient of variation （CV） was calculated. The linear regression analysis was performed for seedling rate， and medial lethal dose was calculated. The correlation analysis was performed between the parameters of botanical trait and quality property with irradiation dose. Cluster analysis was conducted for M1 generation of A. paniculata in different irradiation dose groups by connection method combined with squared euclidean distance. RESULTS： Different irradiation doses showed different effects on botanical traits and property of A. paniculata. According to the average value of CV， the index of botanical traits was ranked as leaf area ＞ fresh weight ＞ dry weight ＞ plant height ＞ root length ＞ stomata number ＞ seedling rate ＞ germination rate； among different irradiation dose groups， the coefficient of variation was ranked as 50 Gy＞200 Gy＞100 Gy＞20 Gy＞10 Gy＞300 Gy＞0 Gy. According to the average value of CV， the index of property was ranked as dehydrated andrographolide content＞andrographolide content＞chlorophyll content＞CuZn-SOD enzyme activity＞T-SOD enzyme activity； among different irradiation dose groups， the coefficient of variation was ranked as 100 Gy＞50 Gy＞200 Gy＞20 Gy＞10 Gy＞300 Gy＞0 Gy. The medial lethal dose was 195.10 Gy. According to the botanical traits， M1 generation of A. paniculata of 7 dose groups could be divided into 4 types. According to the property， M1 generation of A. paniculata of 7 dose groups could be divided into 3 types. CONCLUSIONS： The suitable irradiation dose interval for irradiating A. paniculata is 50-200 Gy.
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Objective: To study the effect of 60Co-γ ray irradiation on the contents of danshensu,protocatechuic aldehyde,puerarin and salviamolic acid B in Tongmai granules by HPLC. Methods: An Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB C18(2) column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) was adopted and the wavelength of UV detection was 280 nm at the flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1. The mobile phase consisted of 0. 1% phosphoric acid (B) and acetonitrile (A) with gradient elution, and the column temperature was 35℃. Tongmai granules were irradiated by 60Co-γ ray respectively at 0, 2, 5,10 and kGy,the contents of the active ingredients were compared before and after the irradiation. Results: The linear range of danshensu,protocatechuic aldehyde,puerarin and salviamolic acid B was 0. 098-4. 925 μg, 0. 028-1. 411 μg, 0. 378-18. 882 μg and 0. 218-10. 888 μg, respectively. The average recovery was 99. 8% , 97. 7% , 99. 9% and 99. 9% , respectively. When the radiation dose was not more than 2 kGy, the contents of the five components did not change significantly (P>0. 05). After 5 kGy radiation, the contents of protocatechuic aldehyde and salviamolic acid B were signifi-cantly different (P <0. 05). Conclusion: The dose of 60Co ray should be controlled not more than 2 kGy, and the sterilization method is safe and effective for Tongmai granules.
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Objective To establish HPLC method for simultaneous determination of five active ingredients of cucurbitacin B, cucurbitacin E, praeruptorin A, praeruptorin B, and praeruptorin E in Infantile Qingfei Pills (IQP), and study the contents changes of the five effective components in IQP before and after 60Co-γ ray irradiation. Methods The Agilent-C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was adopted and the detection wavelength was 230 nm and 321 nm with the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The mobile phase consisted of A (methanol: acetonitrile) and B (0.5% glacial acetic acid solution) for gradient elution, and column temperature was 25 ℃. Irradiation does of 2, 4, 6, 8 kGy were selected to irradiate IQP respectively. The contents of five active components in IQP were compared before and after irradiation, and the significant condition was observed by t-test. Results The linear range of cucurbitacin B, cucurbitacin E, praeruptorin A, praeruptorin B, and praeruptorin E were 0.049—1.247, 0.079—1.973, 0.056—1.406, 0.028—0.705, and 0.028—0.693 μg, The average recovery were 101.2%, 99.7%, 99.9%, 98.9%, and 100.5%, and RSD were 0.6%, 0.5%, 1.2%, 1.1%, and 1.2%, respectively. After irradiation of 2, 4, 6, and 8 kGy, the effective components contents of cucurbitacin B, cucurbitacin E, praeruptorin A, praeruptorin B, and praeruptorin E were changed. After t-test in groups, the content change of cucurbitacin B was significantly after irradiation over 6 kGy (P < 0.05). Conclusion The established method has a high recovery rate, good repeatability, which is simple and practical and can be used for quality control of IQP. The changes of each component are not significant with the radiation no more than 6 kGy, which can provide a reference for the sterilization of IQP.
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Aim To investigate the protective effect of Citrus aurantium L. polysaccharides-B(CALB) on ra-diation induced by 60Co γ-ray in mice. Methods The BALB/c mice were randomly divided into blank control group, radiation model group, CALB administration group (high, medium and low dose), and positive control group(black fungus polysaccharide,HP). The mice were administered orally for 30 days. After the last administration for three hours,the survival rates on the 2nd day and the 14th day of the blank control group and the irradiated mice after the single radioac-tive irradiation (7 Gy) with 60Co γ-ray were meas-ured. In addition, DNA content and micronucleus of bone marrow cells, SOD, GSH-Px activities, MDA content in serum, liver and brain tissues in mice, TChE activity in brain tissues and spleen and thymus index of mice were detected after one-time whole body irradiation with 60Co γ-ray (3 Gy). Results Each dose group of CALB could significantly improve the survival rate of irradiated mice,increase the DNA con-tent of mouse bone marrow cells and reduce the number of micronuclei in bone marrow cells. In addition, CALB could also increase the thymus and spleen index and the levels of SOD and GSH-Px in serum,brain and liver tissues of mice,and reduce the content of MDA. Conclusion CALB has protective effect on radiation injury,which can be used for further development and utilization of Fructus aurantii.
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β-Cyclodextrin-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (CDM-NVP) copolymer was prepared by free radical chain reaction of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) and β-CD maleate (CDM) with γ-ray as initiator.The synthesis conditions of CDM-NVP polymer were as follows: mass ratio of CDM to NVP was 1∶0.7 (CDM 3.6 g and NVP 2.52 g), irradiation dosage was 4 kGy, and DMF aqueous solution (50%, V/V) was set at 20 mL.Under the synthesis conditions, the yield of CDM-NVP was 84% and the weight-average molecular weight was 20 kD.The natamycin (NM) and carbendazim (MBC) could form stable inclusion complexes with CDM-NVP copolymer, and the solubility and fungicidal activity of the complexes were investigated.The stability constant of NM·CDM-NVP and MBC·CDM-NVP complexes at 303 K were 12, 988.54 L/mol and 865.94 L/mol, respectively.The complexes were characterized using phase solubility diagrams, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and ultraviolet (UV) spectra.The analysis of the biological activities of these two complexes indicated that they possessed enhancing fungicidal activities compared to NM and MBC alone.
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Objective To measure and analyze the radioactivity level of 210Pb in outdoor air in Beijing in spring.Methods Portable high flow air samplers were used to collect outdoor air at the ground level to analyze the 210Pb radioactivity in the aerosol filter samples using a laboratory-based high purity germanium (HPGe) γ spectrometer.Results The activity concentration of 210Pb outdoors ranged from 267.2 to 1 697.6 μBq/m3,with an average of (878.7 ± 386.7) μBq/m3.Statistical analysis showed that the activity concentrations 210Pb of outdoors varied with variable air quality.Conclusions The activity concentrations of 210Pb outdoors are detectable in Beijing,varying considerably but within the normal range.
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Objective To investigate the changes of gene expression profile in Beagle dogs' peripheral blood lymphocytes after acute irradiation.Methods Totally 20 male adult Beagle dogs were randomly divided into four groups including non-treatment blank control group and three radiation groups exposed to 0.5,2.0,and 5.0 Gy of γ-rays,respectively.Six hours after radiation,the peripheral blood were collected for lymphocytes isolation.Total RNA was extracted from the lymphocytes and analyzed by microarray hybridization.The differential gene profiles of radiation groups were analyzed by gene ontology (GO) analysis and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis,and the alerted genes were further confirmed by the real time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) assay.Results Compared to the blank control group,the expressions of 308 genes in the radiation groups were perturbed over 2-fold of control,including 61 genes up-regulated and 247 genes down-regulated,which were mainly associated with immune response and cancer occurrence.The GO analysis indicated that the differential expressed genes were associated with cell connection,signal transduction,oxidation-reduction reaction and metabolism.The KEGG pathway analysis showed that some physiological and biochemical processes were involved,such as phagocytosis,tumor pathway,p53 signaling pathway,JAK-STAT signal pathway,cell differentiation,and proliferation,oxidative phosphorylation,glycogen dysplasia and other pathways.The microarray data of the alterations of apoptosis enhancing nuclease (AEN) and mitogenactivated protein kinase 13 (MAP3K13) gene expressions were further confirmed by qRT-PCR.Conclusions Exposure to different doses of acute γ-ray irradiation had significant impact on the gene expressions in Beagle dogs' peripheral blood lymphocytes and those differential expressed genes were related to a series of biological processes and pathways including immune response,metabolism and carcinogenesis.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between the level of apoptosis protein 1 (c-IAP1) and the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells.Method The survival rate and proliferation of the lung cancer cells lines (A549,H460,H1299,H358,HCC827,H1650) from six human were detected by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cell colony formation assay.The DNA damage effects of radiation on lung cancer cells were detected by comet assay.The expressions of c-IAP1 protein and its mRNA were determined by Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR.Results The results of MTT and colony formation showed that the radiosensitivity of different lung cancer cells was also different,among which H358 and H460 cells had the highest radiosensitivity than that of H1650 and HCC827 cells,and H1299 and A549 cells had the weakest radiosensitivity.The results of comet assay showed that six kinds of lung cancer cells were suffered by DNA damage after radiation,and the DNA damage of H358 cells was most serious.The results of Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR showed that the c-IAP1 protein level was negatively correlated with the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells.The higher the c-IAP1 protein level,the weaker the radiosensitivity of cells.The radiosensitivity was also affected by Smac protein levels.Conclusions c-IAP1 may be a selective target gene in mediating the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells and this paper may contribute to the study of radioresistance and radiosensitization of cancer cell.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between the level of apoptosis protein 1 (c-IAP1) and the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells.Method The survival rate and proliferation of the lung cancer cells lines (A549,H460,H1299,H358,HCC827,H1650) from six human were detected by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cell colony formation assay.The DNA damage effects of radiation on lung cancer cells were detected by comet assay.The expressions of c-IAP1 protein and its mRNA were determined by Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR.Results The results of MTT and colony formation showed that the radiosensitivity of different lung cancer cells was also different,among which H358 and H460 cells had the highest radiosensitivity than that of H1650 and HCC827 cells,and H1299 and A549 cells had the weakest radiosensitivity.The results of comet assay showed that six kinds of lung cancer cells were suffered by DNA damage after radiation,and the DNA damage of H358 cells was most serious.The results of Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR showed that the c-IAP1 protein level was negatively correlated with the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells.The higher the c-IAP1 protein level,the weaker the radiosensitivity of cells.The radiosensitivity was also affected by Smac protein levels.Conclusions c-IAP1 may be a selective target gene in mediating the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells and this paper may contribute to the study of radioresistance and radiosensitization of cancer cell.
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Objective To study the combination effectof curcumin and γray on the activity of human lung carcinoma NCI-H460 cells and explore the sensitization of curcumin to γray.Methods The NCI-H460 cells proliferation were detected by MTT,the cell cycle and apoptosis by flow cytometry.The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by Western Blot and the NF-κB gene expression by RT-PCR.In addition,the mice model of lung cancer was randomly divided into 4 groups:control group,curcumin group,γ ray group and combination group.After 28 days,the tumor volume was measured.Results The proliferation and cell cycle of NCI-H460 cells were inhibited and the apoptosis was increased in combination group.In addition,compared with curcumin group or γray group,the expression of Bcl-2 was inhibited,but the expression of Bax was increased and the mRNA expression of NF-KB was inhibited in combination group(all P＜0.05).Also in combination group the tumor volume was significantly inhibited compared with curcumin group or γ ray group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Curcumin might induce the radiosensitivity of Human Lung Carcinoma NCI-H460 cells through the pathway.
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Objective To investigate the effect of 60Co γ-ray irradiation on the quality of theleukocyte-filtrated red blood cells suspension.Methods Thirty bags of leukocyte-filtrated red blood cells were randomly divided into irradiation group(n =15) which was given 60Co γ-ray irradiation and control group(n =15) which was not given 60Co γ-ray irradiation.The content of extracellular K +,Na +,free hemoglobin (FHb),adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (2,3-DPG) and pH value of the leukocyte-filtrated red blood cells were detected in the two groups.Results The content of K+,Na+,FHb,ATP,2,3-DPG and pH value in irradiation group was (5.20 ± 0.37) mmol · L-1,(140.22 ± 0.05) mmol · L-1,(0.44 ±0.04) mg· L-1,(5.18 ± 0.13)μmol· L-1,(3.34±0.30) mmol· L-1 and 6.85±0.02;the content of K +,Na +,FHb,ATP,2,3-DPG and pH value in the control group was(5.00 ± 0.40)mmol · L-1,(140.47 ± 0.83)mmol · L-1,(0.42 ± 0.08) mg · L-1,(5.22 ± 0.06) μmol · L-1,(3.56 ± 0.52) mmol · L-1 and 6.84 ± 0.05;there was no statistic difference in the content of K +,Na +,FHb,ATP,2,3-DPG,and pH value between the two groups(t =1.93,-1.67,-1.64,-2.02,1.77,1.82;P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion 6o Co γ-ray irradiation of the leukocyte-filtrated red blood cells can not effect the activity and function of red blood cells.
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OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of ~(56)Fe~(17+),~(12)C~(6+)ion beams and~(60)Co γ rays on chromosome aberration in human lymphoblastoid cells. METHODS: The human lymphoblastoid cells were divided into 0. 1,0. 3,0. 5,0. 7,1. 0,2. 0 Gy irradiated groups and 0. 0 Gy control group. They were separately exposed to ~(56)Fe~(17+)ion beams( linear energy transfer was 400. 0 ke V/μm),~(12)C~(6+)ion beams( linear energy transfer was 26. 0 ke V/μm) and~(60)C γ rays. Chromosome specimens were harvested 48 hours after irradiation. The effects of different radiation on dicentric plus centric ring( “d + r”) aberration rate and chromosome aberration in human lymphoblastoid cells were detected by light microscope with artificial counting. RESULTS: The “d + r”aberration rates induced by 0. 3-2. 0 Gy ~(12)C~(6+)ion beams were significantly higher than those of ~(56)Fe~(17+)ion beams and~(60)Co γ rays at the same dose( P < 0. 017). Chromosome aberration cell rates of 0. 1-2. 0 Gy ~(12)C~(6+)ion beams were significantly higher than those of ~(56)Fe~(17+)ion beams and~(60)C γ rays at the same dose( P < 0. 017). At the dose range of 0. 0-2. 0 Gy,chromosome aberration effects of three kinds of radiations were gradually increased( P < 0. 01). The relative biological effectiveness of ~(56)Fe~(17+)ion beams was lower than that of ~(12)C~(6+)ion beams.CONCLUSION: The chromosome aberration induced by ~(12)C~(6+)ion beams was more serious than that of~(60)Co γ rays and ~(56)Fe~(17+)ion beams.
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Objective To investigate radioactivity levels in the main agriculture products around a uranium mine in Northern Guangxi.Methods The agriculture products and soil samples were collected and analyzed by using HPGe gamma ray spectrometer.Results The specific activity of 226Ra in radish (including leaf),radish leaves and radish,collected in one place,were 45.0,66.7 and 32.3 Bq/kg,respectively.Those of 226Ra and 23SU in the radish soil collected in the same place were 19 672 and 85 917 Bq/kg,respectively.The transfer coefficients of soil-to-radish and soil-to-leaves were 1.61 × 10-3 and 3.40 × 10-3,consistent with those reported in relevant literature.Radioactivity levels in agricultural products in another survey was in consistence with those in the national survey for food products.Radioactivity levels in soil elsewhere near the radish site was consistent with the results of the national soil radioactivive background survey.Conclusions The soil in this place has been contaminated by the nearby uranium mine.It is important to investigate this place further and take the necessary measures.
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Objective To observe the different radiosensitivity induced by different doses of 137Csγ-ray irradiation between hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Methods Seventy-two C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group and irradiated groups (2, 4 and 6 Csγ-ray irradiation, n=18 for each group). Mice of control group received sham irradiation, and the rest accepted 2, 4 and 6 Gy137Csγtotal body irradiation, respectively. After 14-day, 35-day and 56-day irradiation, the peripheral blood samples were collected by balls enucleation. The number of bone marrow nuclear cells, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells were counted. Results The peripheral blood of irradiated mice showed significant changes in the number of white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), platelets (PLT) and hemoglobin (HGB) in a dose-response relationship. Compared with the control group, the numbers of BMNCs and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) were significantly lower in irradiated group. At 35 d and 56 d after 6 Gy irradiation the numbers of BMNCs and HPCs were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in numbers of BMNCs and HPCs between irradiated groups (2 and 4 Gy) and control group. The number of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) was significantly lower in irradiated group than that in control group after 14-d and 56-d irradiation (P<0.05). Conclusion 137Csγ-ray irradiation has some damage in mouse hematopoietic system. The damage caused by radiation is persistent to hematopoietic stem cells.
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Objective To survey the 238U radioactivity level in the surface soil in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Border (BTHB) region,and to prepare a high resolution distribution map of 238U activity concentrations.Methods The soil samples were collected in a grid (10 km × 10 km).The activity concentrations of 238U in soil samples were measured by using HPGe γ spectrometry.The distribution of the activity concentrations of 238U in soil samples was mapped by the aid of MAPGIS software.Results In total,416 samples were collected and measured.The activity concentrations of 238U were in the range of 0.1-106.0 Bq/kg,with an average of 34.7 Bq/kg.The 238U activity concentration distribution map showed that 238U activity concentration was in the range of 15-55 Bq/kg mostly on the surface soil in the BTHB region.Conclusions The map of 238U activity concentration shows the distribution of 238U activity concentration in the BTHB region.It is of importance to map the distribution of 238U activity concentration in the BTHB region,by converting a huge amount of data into the simple and intuitive graphics,and for evaluating the regional environmental radioactivity and studying the radioactive substance migration within the locality.
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Objective To preliminarily evaluate the feasibility,therapeutic effect and normal tissue complications of stereotactic γ-ray body radiation therapy for patients with asynchronous bilateral renal cell carcinoma.Methods Nine patients with inoperable asynchronous bilateral renal cell carcinoma with a median time from the resection of the primary focus and discovery of the contralateral focus underwent stereotactic γ-ray body radiotherapy with OUR-QGD stereotactic γ-ray whole body therapeutic planning system.50％ isodose line,as the prescription dose line,was to cover the planning target volume (PTV) and the 70％ isodose line was to cover the gross target volume (GTV).Radiotherapy was delivered,with a single dose of 3-5 Gy per fraction,one fraction per day,5 fractions per week,and totally 10-17 fractions.The PTV edge total dose was 36-51 Gy,and the GTV edge total dose was 60-85 Gy.The patients were followed up for a median time of 24 months to evaluate the local control rate and overall survival rate.Results Of the 9 patients,1 presented complete remission (11.1％) and 4 partial remission (44.5％),with a total effective rate of 55.6％.The 1-,3-,and 5-year local control rates were 64.8％,43.2％,and 43.2％ respectively.The 1-,3-,and 5-year overall survival rates were 66.7％,53.3％,and 35.6％ respectively.Four patients (44.4％) had acute radiation reaction:2 cases with grade l leukocytopenia and 2 cases with grade 1 gastrointestinal reactions.Two patients showed grade 2 late radiation-induced reaction in gastrointestinal system.The Karnofsky score was significantly increased and the renal function was normal after radiotherapy.Conclusions Stereotactic γ-ray body radiation therapy is safe and effective in the treatment of asynchronous bilateral renal cell carcinoma.
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Objective To observe the effects of whole body γ-ray radiation on hematopoiesis and cytokines related to T cell subsets in mouse,to detect the expression of transcription factors of splenic T cell subsets,and to investigate the correlation between hematopoiesis injury and abnormal immune function.Methods Totally 50 BALB/c mice were divided into radiation group and blank control group with the random number table method.The former group were given 5.5 Gy 60Co γ-ray radiation on whole body and another received sham radiation.The numbers of white blood cells and platelets of radiation group were counted at 4,8,12 and 20 d after radiation,and these numbers of blank control mice were counted only at 20 d.Hematopoietic tissue proliferation was evaluated by biopsy sections of mice femur.The contents of Th1,Th2,and Th17 in peripheral blood were detected with cytometric bead array (CBA).The expressions of T-bet/GATA-3 and RORγt/Foxp3 proteins related to the differentiation of T cell subsets in spleen tissue were measured by Western blot.Results The numbers of white blood cells and platelets of radiation group mice were reduced obviously (t WBC =18.48,15.72,9.79,3.30; t PLT =22.52,19.74,11.78,4.70,P ＜ 0.05) compared with blank control group.Biopsy sections showed that bone marrow hematopoietic cells of the radiated mice were less than those of blank group,and adipocytes became more.At 8 d,the marrow suppressions were more obvious than those at 20 d.Serum contents of Th1 cytokines IFN-γ,TNF-α and Th2 cytokines IL-4,IL-6 in the radiation group were higher than those in the blank control group at 8 and 12 d(t IFN-γ =2.93,3.36,t TNF-α =6.09,8.11,6.43,4.49,tIL-4 =4.49,3.18,t IL-6=5.11,8.67,6.67,8.55,P＜0.05).IL-17A secreted mainly by Th17 cells was also higher than the blank (t =3.68,6.24,5.32,4.06,P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the blank control group,the expression of T-bet protein increased significantly (t =5.64,2.75,3.56,4.65,P ＜ 0.05),and the expressions of GATA-3,RORγt,and Foxp3 proteins decreased at 4,8 and 12 d except the RORγt at 20 d (tRORγt =6.79,4.31,4.47,tGATA-3 =3.88,8.06,2.84,3.23,tFoxp3 =10.00,8.06,2.89,5.93,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions 5.5 Gy whole body γ-ray radiation inhibits bone marrow hematopoiesis of BALB/c mice and makes the differentiation and function of T cells to be abnormal,which may be associated with bone marrow hematopoiesis obstacle.